Shotguns are also known as pump actions. Two different systems of operation are distinguished: These are the gas-powered and the spring-loaded weapons. The advantage of gas-operated shotguns is that the repetition is easier when recharging while spring models require more strenght to cock the springs.
Depending on the model the shotgun offers single or multiple shots, similar to the behavior of a real shotgun as the BBs fly in different directions which leads to an enlarged field of hit field. For gas-powered products of Maruzen and Tanaka the shells are ejected thru the bolt during recharge.
The advantage of spring shotguns is that hardly any costs for consumables incur. They are also usable in all seasons without a loss in performance. A negative aspect can be the relatively strong repetition mechanism and the partial lack of authenticity to the real models mentioned (no shells but use of magazines instead). The advantages and disadvantages of gas shotguns are reversed accordingly.
Shotguns are effective, depending on the performance of the model, at distances of 20 to 50 meters.